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Dr. Swanson is currently [2007] Professor and Chair of Family and Child Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. She received her B.S. degree in 1975 from the University of Rhode Island, and M.S.N. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1978. A complete curriculum vitae dated October 23, 2007 is archived; Dr. Swanson’s web site is http://www.son.washington.edu/departments/fcn/faculty_bio.asp?id=103 [March 15, 2011]

Marilyn Anne Ray, RN, BSN, MSN, MA, PhD, CTN-A, FSfAA, FAAN is Professor Emeritus at Florida Atlantic University, Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Boca Raton, Florida. She holds a diploma in Nursing from St. Joseph Hospital, Hamilton, Canada; Bachelor and Master of Science degrees in Nursing from the University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado; Master of Arts, in Cultural Anthropology from McMaster
University, Hamilton, Canada; a Doctor of Philosophy in Transcultural Nursing from the University of Utah College of Nursing, Salt Lake City, Utah; and an honorary degree from Nevada State College, Henderson, Nevada. Ray has held faculty positions at the University of San Francisco, University of California San Francisco, McMaster University, the University of Colorado, and the Eminent Scholar positions at Florida
Atlantic University and Virginia Commonwealth University, and Professorial and Professor Emeritus positions at Florida Atlantic University. In addition, Ray attended Ethics Courses at Georgetown University in Washington, DC, and studied with the theoretical physicist, Dr. F. David Peat on Complexity Science at the Pari Center for New Learning in Pari, Italy. Ray is a Fellow of the Society for Applied Anthropology (FSfAA), and is a Fellow of the American Academy of Nursing (FAAN). She is certified as an Advanced Transcultural Nurse (CTN-A), and was awarded the position of a Transcultural Nursing Scholar from the Transcultural Nursing Society.

For 32 years, Ray served the United States of America in the field of aerospace nursing administration, flight nursing, practice, education, and research as an officer in the United States Air Force Reserve (USAFR), Nurse Corps and retired as a Colonel in 1999. Her uniform is in the Archives of Caring in Nursing at Florida Atlantic University. Ray attended a program in space education at the Marshall Space Center in Huntsville, Alabama in preparation for the potential role of "nurses in space." Ray is featured in Who's Who in America and Who's Who in the World. Ray has researched, presented and published nationally and internationally n the subjects of caring science, holistic nursing, transcultural caring, technological caring, and caring ethics in complex organizations, primarily hospitals, and discovered the Theory of Bureaucratic Caring in 1981, and with Dr. Marian Turkel, the Theory of Relational Caring Complexity, and also advanced the Theory of Transcultural Caring Dynamics in Nursing and Health Care.

Ray is a charter member and served on the Board of Directors of the International Association for Human Caring (IAHC) from 2012-2015. Ashe currently is Co-Chair of the IAHC By-Laws Committee. An award is presented each year in honor of Ray's late husband, James L. Droesbeke to an international student of caring science. Ray’s books include, A Study of Caring within an Institutional Culture: The Discovery of the Theory of Bureaucratic Caring; Transcultural Caring Dynamics in Nursing and Health Care [2nd edition in press]; The Ethics of Care and the Ethics of Cure: Synthesis in Chronicity, and with her colleagues, Davidson and Turkel, Nursing, caring, and complexity science: For human-environment wellbeing (2011 American Journal of Nursing, Book of the Year Award for Professional Development). Ray is in the process of contributing to a book with Dr. Mary Enzman Hines for the Dr. Max van Manen book series, the Phenomenology of Practice focusing on the Phenomenology of Caring Practice. Ray serves on the board of the Anne Boykin Institute (ABI) for the Advancement of Caring Science and is the Chair of the Faculty Development, Learning Partnerships Committee. She is on the boards of the Global Qualitative Nursing Research (on line journal), Qualitative Health Research, and the Journal of Art and Aesthetics in Nursing and Health Sciences, and is a reviewer for Nursing Inquiry and the Journal of Transcultural Nursing. Her website is http://www.marilynray.com.

Sister M. Simone Roach was brought up in a large, Roman Catholic family in a coal mining area of Cape Breton, NS, Canada. After high school she completed a nursing diploma program at St. Joseph’s School of Nursing, Glace Bay, NS. Following a year of nursing practice, she entered the Sisters of St. Martha, Antigonish, NS, serving in a variety of clinical areas and teaching in Schools of Nursing. She completed a nursing undergraduate degree at St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish and graduate study at University of Toronto, Boston University, and the Catholic University of America. There she completed a Doctoral program with a major in Philosophical Foundations of Education in 1970. She pursued two years of postdoctoral work, one year at Harvard Divinity School (Ethics), and one year as Reader at Regis College, Toronto, during which time she completed the second revised edition of her book on Caring. While Caring was always central as the core of nursing in her teaching, Sister Roach did not begin formal study of Caring until 1970 when she was Chair of the Department of Nursing, St. Francis Xavier University.
The following publications are foundational: 1984. Caring: The Human Mode of Being, Implications for Nursing, a Monograph. Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto.

1987. The Human Act of Caring, A Blueprint for the Health Professions. Ottawa: Canadian
      Healthcare Association Press. 1997. Caring From the Heart: The Convergence of Caring and Spirituality. Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press. (ISBN 0-8091-3717-8) [a compilation of chapters by 13 authors, each relating to a
      theme but with a unique focus] 2002. Caring, the Human Mode of Being: A Blueprint for the Health Professions (2nd rev. ed.). Ottawa: Canadian Healthcare Association Press (ISBN 1-896151-44-2)
      In her original research, Sister Roach was responding to the question, “What is a nurse doing when he or she is caring?” Because the list became too specific and unmanageable, data were identified within five categories that became known as the “Five C’s” (later “Six C’s”) ─ Compassion, Competence, Confidence, Conscience, Commitment, Comportment (added later.) Reflections on these C’s can be found in all her writings. While the Six C’s as attributes of caring have an important practical application, this
      aspect of Sister Roach’s research did not fully address a more fundamental ontological question, “What is Caring, in itself?” Reflection on this question led to the insight, “caring is the human mode of being.” We care, not because we are nurses, physicians, social workers, parents, etc; we care because we are human beings. We differ in how we care, not in that we care. Caring is not unique to nursing or even to the caring professions; it is a primary characteristic of being human. Further reflections in Caring from the Heart, noted above, examined the convergence of caring and spirituality. Sister Roach’s research, inspired by The
      Universe Story (Swimme, Berry, 1992) and other writings, pursued the more universal call of care as a “child of the universe.” This is an exciting, ever-expanding development moved by rapid developments in science and technology. Sister Roach has lectured internationally, with presentations in Australia, Bangkok, Finland, Cambridge (England), Russia, Sterling (Scotland), Canada and the US. She shares her work with the expectation that it will be helpful to students teachers and practitioners alike, and that application will continue to be made at all levels of health care. (M.S. Roach, 2007)