Showing 25 results

Sister M. Simone Roach was brought up in a large, Roman Catholic family in a coal mining area of Cape Breton, NS, Canada. After high school she completed a nursing diploma program at St. Joseph’s School of Nursing, Glace Bay, NS. Following a year of nursing practice, she entered the Sisters of St. Martha, Antigonish, NS, serving in a variety of clinical areas and teaching in Schools of Nursing. She completed a nursing undergraduate degree at St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish and graduate study at University of Toronto, Boston University, and the Catholic University of America. There she completed a Doctoral program with a major in Philosophical Foundations of Education in 1970. She pursued two years of postdoctoral work, one year at Harvard Divinity School (Ethics), and one year as Reader at Regis College, Toronto, during which time she completed the second revised edition of her book on Caring. While Caring was always central as the core of nursing in her teaching, Sister Roach did not begin formal study of Caring until 1970 when she was Chair of the Department of Nursing, St. Francis Xavier University.
The following publications are foundational: 1984. Caring: The Human Mode of Being, Implications for Nursing, a Monograph. Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto.

1987. The Human Act of Caring, A Blueprint for the Health Professions. Ottawa: Canadian
      Healthcare Association Press. 1997. Caring From the Heart: The Convergence of Caring and Spirituality. Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press. (ISBN 0-8091-3717-8) [a compilation of chapters by 13 authors, each relating to a
      theme but with a unique focus] 2002. Caring, the Human Mode of Being: A Blueprint for the Health Professions (2nd rev. ed.). Ottawa: Canadian Healthcare Association Press (ISBN 1-896151-44-2)
      In her original research, Sister Roach was responding to the question, “What is a nurse doing when he or she is caring?” Because the list became too specific and unmanageable, data were identified within five categories that became known as the “Five C’s” (later “Six C’s”) ─ Compassion, Competence, Confidence, Conscience, Commitment, Comportment (added later.) Reflections on these C’s can be found in all her writings. While the Six C’s as attributes of caring have an important practical application, this
      aspect of Sister Roach’s research did not fully address a more fundamental ontological question, “What is Caring, in itself?” Reflection on this question led to the insight, “caring is the human mode of being.” We care, not because we are nurses, physicians, social workers, parents, etc; we care because we are human beings. We differ in how we care, not in that we care. Caring is not unique to nursing or even to the caring professions; it is a primary characteristic of being human. Further reflections in Caring from the Heart, noted above, examined the convergence of caring and spirituality. Sister Roach’s research, inspired by The
      Universe Story (Swimme, Berry, 1992) and other writings, pursued the more universal call of care as a “child of the universe.” This is an exciting, ever-expanding development moved by rapid developments in science and technology. Sister Roach has lectured internationally, with presentations in Australia, Bangkok, Finland, Cambridge (England), Russia, Sterling (Scotland), Canada and the US. She shares her work with the expectation that it will be helpful to students teachers and practitioners alike, and that application will continue to be made at all levels of health care. (M.S. Roach, 2007)

Marilyn Anne Ray, RN, BSN, MSN, MA, PhD, CTN-A, FSfAA, FAAN is Professor Emeritus at Florida Atlantic University, Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Boca Raton, Florida. She holds a diploma in Nursing from St. Joseph Hospital, Hamilton, Canada; Bachelor and Master of Science degrees in Nursing from the University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado; Master of Arts, in Cultural Anthropology from McMaster
University, Hamilton, Canada; a Doctor of Philosophy in Transcultural Nursing from the University of Utah College of Nursing, Salt Lake City, Utah; and an honorary degree from Nevada State College, Henderson, Nevada. Ray has held faculty positions at the University of San Francisco, University of California San Francisco, McMaster University, the University of Colorado, and the Eminent Scholar positions at Florida
Atlantic University and Virginia Commonwealth University, and Professorial and Professor Emeritus positions at Florida Atlantic University. In addition, Ray attended Ethics Courses at Georgetown University in Washington, DC, and studied with the theoretical physicist, Dr. F. David Peat on Complexity Science at the Pari Center for New Learning in Pari, Italy. Ray is a Fellow of the Society for Applied Anthropology (FSfAA), and is a Fellow of the American Academy of Nursing (FAAN). She is certified as an Advanced Transcultural Nurse (CTN-A), and was awarded the position of a Transcultural Nursing Scholar from the Transcultural Nursing Society.

For 32 years, Ray served the United States of America in the field of aerospace nursing administration, flight nursing, practice, education, and research as an officer in the United States Air Force Reserve (USAFR), Nurse Corps and retired as a Colonel in 1999. Her uniform is in the Archives of Caring in Nursing at Florida Atlantic University. Ray attended a program in space education at the Marshall Space Center in Huntsville, Alabama in preparation for the potential role of "nurses in space." Ray is featured in Who's Who in America and Who's Who in the World. Ray has researched, presented and published nationally and internationally n the subjects of caring science, holistic nursing, transcultural caring, technological caring, and caring ethics in complex organizations, primarily hospitals, and discovered the Theory of Bureaucratic Caring in 1981, and with Dr. Marian Turkel, the Theory of Relational Caring Complexity, and also advanced the Theory of Transcultural Caring Dynamics in Nursing and Health Care.

Ray is a charter member and served on the Board of Directors of the International Association for Human Caring (IAHC) from 2012-2015. Ashe currently is Co-Chair of the IAHC By-Laws Committee. An award is presented each year in honor of Ray's late husband, James L. Droesbeke to an international student of caring science. Ray’s books include, A Study of Caring within an Institutional Culture: The Discovery of the Theory of Bureaucratic Caring; Transcultural Caring Dynamics in Nursing and Health Care [2nd edition in press]; The Ethics of Care and the Ethics of Cure: Synthesis in Chronicity, and with her colleagues, Davidson and Turkel, Nursing, caring, and complexity science: For human-environment wellbeing (2011 American Journal of Nursing, Book of the Year Award for Professional Development). Ray is in the process of contributing to a book with Dr. Mary Enzman Hines for the Dr. Max van Manen book series, the Phenomenology of Practice focusing on the Phenomenology of Caring Practice. Ray serves on the board of the Anne Boykin Institute (ABI) for the Advancement of Caring Science and is the Chair of the Faculty Development, Learning Partnerships Committee. She is on the boards of the Global Qualitative Nursing Research (on line journal), Qualitative Health Research, and the Journal of Art and Aesthetics in Nursing and Health Sciences, and is a reviewer for Nursing Inquiry and the Journal of Transcultural Nursing. Her website is http://www.marilynray.com.

Madeleine M. Leininger graduated from St. Anthony’s Hospital School of Nursing in Denver, Colorado, in 1948. During her training, she was a member of the U.S. Cadet Nurse Corps, a federally-funded program to increase the numbers of nurses being trained to meet anticipated needs during World War II. She received the BS degree from Mount St. Scholastica College (later Benedictine College) in Atchison, Kansas, in 1950, and earned the equivalent of a BSN through her studies in biological sciences, nursing administration, teaching and curriculum at Creighton University in Omaha, Nebraska, during 1951-1954. This prepared her for graduate studies (Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing) at The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, where she received her MSN in 1954. She then studied at the University of Cincinnati, pursuing further graduate studies in curriculum, social sciences and nursing (1955-58), and directed the Child Psychiatric Nursing Program as an Associate Professor of Nursing (1954-1959.) She pursued doctoral studies beginning in 1960; during this time she was awarded a National League of Nursing Fellowship for fieldwork in the Eastern Highlands of New Guinea, where she studied the convergence and divergence of human behavior in two Gadsup villages. Dr. Leininger received a PhD in Cultural and Social Anthropology from the University of Washington in 1966.
Dr. Leininger’s academic career is impressive. Beginning as Associate Professor of Nursing at the University of Cincinnati in 1954, she went on to the University of Colorado (1966-1969) where she held a joint appointment in the College of Nursing and the Department of Anthropology and directed the Nurse Scientist Program. From 1969-1974 she was Dean and Professor of Nursing at the University of Washington where she also held a Lecturer appointment in the Department of Anthropology. At the University of Utah (1974-1981) she was Dean and Professor of Nursing, Adjunct Professor of Anthropology, and Director of the Center for Nursing Research and of the Doctoral and Transcultural Nursing Programs. While at Wayne State University (1981-1985) she was Professor of Nursing, Adjunct Professor of Anthropology, and Director of the Transcultural Nursing Program and of the Center for Health Research. From 1995 to present she has been an Adjunct Clinical Professor of Nursing at the University of Nebraska. At present, Dr. Leininger’s titles include Professor Emeritus of Nursing, Wayne State University College of Nursing; Adjunct Clinical Professor at University of Nebraska College of Nursing; Fellow of the American Academy of Nursing; and Distinguished Fellow of the Royal College of Nursing (Australia). She was honored as a Living Legend by the American Academy of Nursing (1998), and holds honorary degrees from Benedictine College (LHD, 1975), University of Indianapolis (DS, 1990), and University of Kuopio, Finland (PhDNSc, 1991). The Transcultural Nursing Society, founded by Dr. Leininger in 1974, “...continues to serve as an important annual forum to bring nurses together worldwide with common and diverse interests to improve care to people of diverse and similar cultures. Members are
active in consultation, teaching, research, direct care and in policy-making in national and transnational arenas” (TCN Website, www.tcns.org). Dr. Leininger, credited with saying, “Caring is the essence of nursing,” established the Caring Conferences in 1978 as a forum for nurse scholars interested in advancing caring knowledge to gather for formal presentations, informal dialogue, and to evolve research related to caring sciences. This once small group has evolved into the International Association for Human Caring (IAHC). All this began in the 1950’s, when Madeleine Leininger became fascinated with anthropology, finding many concepts she believed were pertinent to nursing. She became the first professional nurse to receive a PhD in cultural and social anthropology, and her vision of the “blending” of two fields, nursing and anthropology, led to her “Culture Care Diversity and Universality: A Worldwide Theory of Nursing.” As the mother of transcultural nursing and founder of the Transcultural Nursing Society, she has advanced transcultural nursing through education, research, administration, and practice. Dr. Leininger was in demand for over 35 years as a consultant and speaker on issues relating to transcultural nursing and human caring in education and research, and continued such engagements through 2011.

Dr. Swanson is currently [2007] Professor and Chair of Family and Child Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. She received her B.S. degree in 1975 from the University of Rhode Island, and M.S.N. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1978. A complete curriculum vitae dated October 23, 2007 is archived; Dr. Swanson’s web site is http://www.son.washington.edu/departments/fcn/faculty_bio.asp?id=103 [March 15, 2011]